knowの活用

意味知っている
レベル A1
活用の型不規則

この動詞の注意点

覚えておきたい3つの基本形：know – knew – known。 → 不規則動詞
状態動詞：ふつう進行形にはせず、-ing 形ではなく know と言います。 → 進行形にしない動詞
単語リストより：「知っている」も「（人と）知り合いだ」もknowです：I know the answer、I know her。日本語の「知っています」に引きずられてI am knowingとしないように注意しましょう。

太字と下線は語尾です。◆は規則から外れる形の印です。

直説法

Present simple現在

I	know
you	know
he/she/it	knows
we	know
you	know
they	know

詳しくは：現在形（Simple Present）

Past simple完了した過去

I	knew
you	knew
he/she/it	knew
we	knew
you	knew
they	knew

詳しくは：過去形（Simple Past）

Present perfect現在完了

I	have known
you	have known
he/she/it	has known
we	have known
you	have known
they	have known

詳しくは：現在完了形（Present Perfect）

Past perfect過去完了

I	had known
you	had known
he/she/it	had known
we	had known
you	had known
they	had known

詳しくは：過去完了形（Past Perfect）

Future (will)未来

I	will know
you	will know
he/she/it	will know
we	will know
you	will know
they	will know

詳しくは： will

Future perfect未来完了

I	will have known
you	will have known
he/she/it	will have known
we	will have known
you	will have known
they	will have known

条件法

Conditional (would)条件法

I	would know
you	would know
he/she/it	would know
we	would know
you	would know
they	would know

詳しくは： if文のタイプ2：仮定法過去

Conditional perfect条件法過去

I	would have known
you	would have known
he/she/it	would have known
we	would have known
you	would have known
they	would have known

進行形

Present progressive現在進行形

I	am knowing
you	are knowing
he/she/it	is knowing
we	are knowing
you	are knowing
they	are knowing

詳しくは：現在進行形（Present Progressive）

Past progressive過去進行形

I	was knowing
you	were knowing
he/she/it	was knowing
we	were knowing
you	were knowing
they	were knowing

詳しくは：過去進行形（Past Progressive）

Present perfect progressive現在完了進行形

I	have been knowing
you	have been knowing
he/she/it	has been knowing
we	have been knowing
you	have been knowing
they	have been knowing

詳しくは：現在完了進行形（Present Perfect Progressive）

Past perfect progressive過去完了進行形

I	had been knowing
you	had been knowing
he/she/it	had been knowing
we	had been knowing
you	had been knowing
they	had been knowing

Future progressive未来進行形

I	will be knowing
you	will be knowing
he/she/it	will be knowing
we	will be knowing
you	will be knowing
they	will be knowing

命令法

Imperative肯定の命令

you	know
we	let's know

詳しくは：命令文

非定形

Infinitive and participles不定詞、動名詞、分詞

infinitive	know
to-infinitive	to know
-ing form	knowing
past participle	known

詳しくは：不規則動詞 · -ingを取る動詞

コースの例文

どの文もこのコースの単語リストか文法項目から取っています。動詞の形には印がついていて、その下にどの時制・どの人称かを書いています。

I really do not know.本当にわかりません。
know — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
She knows the poem by heart.彼女はその詩を暗記しています。
knows — Present simple · he/she/it
The date was impossible and everyone knew it.その日程は無理で、誰もがそれを分かっていました。
knew — Past simple · I; Past simple · you
Her research is well known.彼女の研究はよく知られている。
known — past participle · 数えられる名詞、数えられない名詞
I do not know the answer.私は答えを知りません。
know — Present simple · I; Present simple · you
I do not know where he is.彼がどこにいるのか知りません。
know — Present simple · I; Present simple · you

その他の例文

Do you know a good dentist near here?この近くにいい歯医者を知ってる？
I knew she would say that.彼女がそう言うのはわかってたよ。
Nobody knows the answer.答えは誰も知りません。

日本語話者が間違えやすい点

誤り I am knowing him for ten years.
正しい I have known him for ten years.
「知っている」の「〜ている」を進行形にしがちですが、knowは状態を表す動詞なのでふつう進行形にしません。過去から今まで続く状態は現在完了で表します。
誤り Do you know where is the station?
正しい Do you know where the station is?
文の中に疑問文を入れるときは、ふつうの文の語順（主語＋動詞）に戻ります。日本語では「駅がどこか」の語順が変わらないので気づきにくい点です。

よくある間違い

誤り I now the answer.

正しい I know the answer.

knowやkneeをローマ字のように読んで、kまで発音してしまう人がいます。このkは何百年も前から読まれていません。kneeは/niː/、knowはnoとまったく同じ発音です。書くときには逆のことが起こります。聞こえないので、kを書き忘れてしまうのです。

読まない文字

よく一緒に使う言葉

get to know someone — 〜と知り合いになる
as far as I know — 私の知る限り
know something by heart — 〜を暗記している

まぎらわしい動詞

understand knowは事実や情報を知っていること、understandは意味や理由がわかることです。

ちょっと練習

穴うめ5問。まず上の例文から、次に活用表から出します。答えはすべて復習に数えられます。