B2 · 50 words
Population and family life in Spanish
Birth rate, ageing, households — and the words people use for them.
Practise this list
From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
La excedencia is unpaid leave with your job kept open for you, and English has no one word for it: leave of absence, career break and sabbatical each say part of it, and none of them is the legal term. What makes it worth a paragraph is the pair it belongs to. El excedente is a surplus, what is left over after everything else; la excedencia is a person stepping out of the count for a while. One root — being over and above the number needed — and two destinations: goods nobody bought, and a post nobody is filling while it waits. Pedir una excedencia is the everyday phrase for it.
The words
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Phrase (43)
la tasa de natalidadthe birth ratePhraseB2
La tasa de natalidad lleva veinte años bajando.The birth rate has been falling for twenty years.
la esperanza de vida al nacerthe life expectancy at birthPhraseB2
La esperanza de vida al nacer subió cinco años.The life expectancy at birth rose by five years.
la pirámide de poblaciónthe population pyramidPhraseB2
La pirámide de población ya no es una pirámide.The population pyramid is no longer a pyramid.
la generación de relevothe generation coming up behindPhraseB2
Falta generación de relevo en los pueblos.The generation coming up behind is missing in the villages.
el saldo migratoriothe net migration figurePhraseB2
El saldo migratorio fue positivo.The net migration figure was positive.
el padrón de habitantesthe register of residentsPhraseB2
El padrón de habitantes se actualiza en enero.The register of residents is brought up to date in January.
el hogar unipersonalthe one-person householdPhraseB2
El hogar unipersonal es uno de cada cuatro.One household in four is a one-person household.
la familia numerosathe large familyPhraseB2
La familia numerosa tiene ventajas fiscales.The large family has tax advantages.
la familia monoparentalthe one-parent familyPhraseB2
La familia monoparental es casi siempre de madre.The one-parent family is nearly always the mother.
la familia reconstituidathe family formed from two othersPhraseB2
La familia reconstituida tiene su propia logística.The family formed from two others has its own logistics.
la pareja de hechothe registered partnershipPhraseB2
Se inscribieron como pareja de hecho.They signed up as a registered partnership.
la custodia compartidathe shared care of the childrenPhraseB2
La custodia compartida es semana por semana.The shared care of the children runs week by week.
la pensión de alimentosthe maintenance paid for a childPhraseB2
La pensión de alimentos se fija por sentencia.The maintenance paid for a child is set by the court.
la conciliación familiarfitting family round workPhraseB2
La conciliación familiar recae en las mujeres.Fitting family round work falls to the women.
el permiso parentalthe parental leavePhraseB2
El permiso parental son dieciséis semanas.The parental leave is sixteen weeks.
la excedencia por cuidadothe unpaid leave to care for somebodyPhraseB2
Pidió una excedencia por cuidado de un año.She asked for a year of unpaid leave to care for somebody.
el cuidado de mayoresthe caring for older peoplePhraseB2
El cuidado de mayores recae en la familia.The caring for older people falls to the family.
la plaza de guarderíathe nursery placePhraseB2
La plaza de guardería se pide en marzo.The nursery place is applied for in March.
la brecha de génerothe gap between the sexesPhraseB2
La brecha de género se abre con el primer hijo.The gap between the sexes opens with the first child.
el trabajo no remuneradothe work nobody pays forPhraseB2
El trabajo no remunerado no sale en las cuentas.The work nobody pays for does not show in the figures.
el nido vacíothe empty nestPhraseB2
El nido vacío tardó en llegar.The empty nest was a long time coming.
la soledad no deseadaloneliness nobody chosePhraseB2
La soledad no deseada se estudia desde hace poco.Loneliness nobody chose has only lately been studied.
la red de apoyothe network of people who helpPhraseB2
La red de apoyo es de vecinas.The network of people who help is made of neighbours.
el relevo en el cuidadotaking turns at the caringPhraseB2
El relevo en el cuidado se organiza entre hermanos.Taking turns at the caring is arranged between the siblings.
la tasa de dependenciathe ratio of dependants to workersPhraseB2
La tasa de dependencia sube cada década.The ratio of dependants to workers rises every decade.
la población activathe working populationPhraseB2
La población activa se reduce despacio.The working population is shrinking slowly.
la edad media de la poblaciónthe average agePhraseB2
La edad media de la población pasa de cuarenta.The average age is over forty.
el índice de fecundidadthe number of children per womanPhraseB2
El índice de fecundidad está por debajo de uno con tres.The number of children per woman is below one point three.
el envejecimiento activogrowing older and staying activePhraseB2
El envejecimiento activo tiene su propio programa.Growing older and staying active has a programme of its own.
la vivienda intergeneracionalhousing shared across the generationsPhraseB2
La vivienda intergeneracional funciona en dos barrios.Housing shared across the generations works in two districts.
el municipio despobladothe emptied village councilPhraseB2
El municipio despoblado tiene veinte vecinos.The emptied village council has twenty residents.
la España vaciadathe emptied-out inland SpainPhraseB2
La España vaciada tiene su propia representación.The emptied-out inland Spain has a voice of its own now.
el retorno al pueblothe going back to the villagePhraseB2
El retorno al pueblo empezó con el teletrabajo.The going back to the village started with working from home.
la natalidad ruralthe birth rate in the countrysidePhraseB2
La natalidad rural volvió a subir un poco.The birth rate in the countryside went up a little again.
el censo electoralthe electoral rollPhraseB2
El censo electoral se cierra dos meses antes.The electoral roll closes two months beforehand.
el estado civilthe marital statusPhraseB2
El estado civil ya no se pregunta.The marital status is no longer asked for.
el registro civilthe registry officePhraseB2
El registro civil inscribe el nacimiento.The registry office records the birth.
el libro de familiathe family record bookPhraseB2
El libro de familia ya no se expide.The family record book is no longer issued.
el acogimiento familiarthe placing with a foster familyPhraseB2
El acogimiento familiar es temporal.The placing with a foster family is temporary.
la mayoría de edadthe age of majorityPhraseB2
La mayoría de edad son dieciocho años.The age of majority is eighteen.
el arraigo familiarthe family ties that hold somebody in placePhraseB2
El arraigo familiar pesó en la decisión.The family ties that hold somebody in place weighed in the decision.
la movilidad residencialthe readiness to move housePhraseB2
La movilidad residencial baja con los hijos.The readiness to move house drops once there are children.
el ciclo de vidathe course of a lifePhraseB2
El ciclo de vida ya no es lineal.The course of a life is no longer a straight line.
Noun (f) (5)
Grammar for these: Masculine or feminine · The plural
la demografíathe make-up of the populationNoun (f)B2
La demografía explica media política social.The make-up of the population explains half of social policy.
la crianzathe bringing up of childrenNoun (f)B2
La crianza se reparte mejor que antes.The bringing up of children is shared better than it was.
la guarderíathe nurseryNoun (f)B2
La guardería abre a las siete y media.The nursery opens at half past seven.
la emancipaciónthe moving out of the parental homeNoun (f)B2
La emancipación llega a los treinta.The moving out of the parental home happens at thirty.
la adopciónthe adoptionNoun (f)B2
La adopción tardó cuatro años.The adoption took four years.
Noun (m) (2)
Grammar for these: Masculine or feminine · The plural
el envejecimientothe ageing of the populationNoun (m)B2
El envejecimiento cambia el presupuesto entero.The ageing of the population changes the whole budget.
el hogarthe householdNoun (m)B2
El hogar medio son dos personas y media.The average household is two and a half people.
Missing a word? Look it up in the dictionary
This list belongs to Society, politics and media — 23 lists and 1 150 words that can also be practised as a whole.