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N4  ·  40 words

Customs and events in Japanese

New Year, summer festivals, weddings and the other dates the year is organised around.

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From these 40 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The Japanese year runs on a calendar of shared occasions, and the words for them come with expectations attached: 年賀状(ねんがじょう) are written in December to arrive on the first of January, children receive お年玉(おとしだま), and in summer many people travel home for お盆(おぼん). Several of these words carry the polite prefix お as a fixed part of the word: お正月(しょうがつ), お盆(ぼん), お年玉(としだま).

The words

Verb (2)

祝(いわ)うto celebrateVerbN4
祖母(そぼ)の八十歳(はちじゅっさい)の誕生日(たんじょうび)を家族(かぞく)で祝(いわ)いました。We celebrated my grandmother's eightieth birthday as a family.
飾(かざ)るto decorate; to put on displayVerbN4
玄関(げんかん)に花(はな)を飾(かざ)りました。I put some flowers in the entrance hall.

Noun (38)

お正月(しょうがつ)New Year (the first days of January)NounN4
お正月(しょうがつ)は家族(かぞく)みんなで過(す)ごします。We spend New Year together as a family.
大晦日(おおみそか)New Year's EveNounN4
大晦日(おおみそか)の夜(よる)はそばを食(た)べます。On New Year's Eve we eat soba noodles.
初詣(はつもうで)the year's first visit to a shrine or templeNounN3
一月(いちがつ)一日(ついたち)に近(ちか)くの神社(じんじゃ)へ初詣(はつもうで)に行(い)きました。On the first of January we went to the local shrine for the first visit of the year.
年賀状(ねんがじょう)New Year's cardNounN4
今年(ことし)は年賀状(ねんがじょう)を五十枚(ごじゅうまい)書(か)きました。This year I wrote fifty New Year's cards.
お年玉(としだま)New Year money given to childrenNounN4
子供(こども)たちはお年玉(としだま)をもらって喜(よろこ)んでいます。The children are delighted with their New Year money.
新年(しんねん)the new yearNounN4
新年(しんねん)の目標(もくひょう)を紙(かみ)に書(か)きました。I wrote my goals for the new year on a piece of paper.

Common in set words such as 新年会(しんねんかい), a New Year party.

年末(ねんまつ)the end of the yearNounN4
年末(ねんまつ)は仕事(しごと)がとても忙(いそが)しいです。Work is very busy at the end of the year.
お盆(ぼん)Obon (the summer festival of the dead)NounN4
お盆(ぼん)には田舎(いなか)に帰(かえ)って、お墓(はか)に行(い)きます。At Obon I go back to my home town and visit the family grave.

The same word also means a tray.

盆踊(ぼんおど)りBon danceNounN3
夏(なつ)の夜(よる)、公園(こうえん)で盆踊(ぼんおど)りがあります。On summer evenings there is Bon dancing in the park.
花見(はなみ)cherry-blossom viewingNounN4
週末(しゅうまつ)に会社(かいしゃ)の人(ひと)とお花見(はなみ)をします。At the weekend I am going cherry-blossom viewing with people from work.

Usually お花見(はなみ) in conversation.

祭(まつ)りfestivalNounN4
この町(まち)のお祭(まつ)りは毎年(まいとし)八月(はちがつ)にあります。This town's festival is held every August.

Usually お祭(まつ)り in conversation.

屋台(やたい)food stallNounN3
お祭(まつ)りの屋台(やたい)で焼(や)きそばを買(か)いました。I bought fried noodles at a stall at the festival.
花火(はなび)fireworksNounN4
川(かわ)の近(ちか)くで花火(はなび)を見(み)ました。We watched the fireworks near the river.

花火大会(はなびたいかい) is a fireworks display.

おせち料理(りょうり)New Year dishes (prepared in advance)NounN3
年末(ねんまつ)に母(はは)と一緒(いっしょ)におせち料理(りょうり)を作(つく)りました。At the end of the year I made the New Year dishes with my mother.

Often just おせち.

七夕(たなばた)Tanabata (the star festival, 7 July)NounN4
七夕(たなばた)に願(ねが)いを書(か)いて、竹(たけ)に飾(かざ)りました。At Tanabata I wrote a wish and hung it on the bamboo.
節分(せつぶん)Setsubun (the day before spring, early February)NounN3
節分(せつぶん)には豆(まめ)をまいて、「鬼(おに)は外(そと)」と言(い)います。At Setsubun you throw beans and say "Demons out".
ひな祭(まつ)りthe Doll Festival (Girls' Day, 3 March)NounN4
娘(むすめ)のために、ひな祭(まつ)りの人形(にんぎょう)を出(だ)しました。I got the dolls out for the Doll Festival for my daughter.
こどもの日(ひ)Children's Day (5 May)NounN4
こどもの日(ひ)は五月(ごがつ)五日(いつか)で、学校(がっこう)は休(やす)みです。Children's Day is the fifth of May, and there is no school.
成人式(せいじんしき)coming-of-age ceremonyNounN3
成人式(せいじんしき)には着物(きもの)を着(き)る人(ひと)が多(おお)いです。Many people wear a kimono to the coming-of-age ceremony.
誕生日(たんじょうび)birthdayNounN5
弟(おとうと)の誕生日(たんじょうび)は来週(らいしゅう)の土曜日(どようび)です。My younger brother's birthday is next Saturday.
お祝(いわ)いcelebration; congratulatory giftNounN4
友達(ともだち)の就職(しゅうしょく)のお祝(いわ)いに、みんなで食事(しょくじ)をしました。We all had a meal together to celebrate our friend's new job.
結婚式(けっこんしき)weddingNounN4
来月(らいげつ)、兄(あに)の結婚式(けっこんしき)があります。My older brother's wedding is next month.
披露宴(ひろうえん)wedding receptionNounN3
披露宴(ひろうえん)で新郎(しんろう)の友達(ともだち)が歌(うた)を歌(うた)いました。At the reception the groom's friends sang a song.
招待状(しょうたいじょう)invitation (card)NounN4
結婚式(けっこんしき)の招待状(しょうたいじょう)が届(とど)きました。The wedding invitation has arrived.
葬式(そうしき)funeralNounN4
葬式(そうしき)には黒(くろ)い服(ふく)を着(き)て行(い)きます。You wear black to a funeral.

Often お葬式(そうしき).

クリスマスChristmasNounN4
日本(にほん)ではクリスマスにケーキを食(た)べる人(ひと)が多(おお)いです。In Japan many people eat cake at Christmas.
バレンタインデーValentine's DayNounN4
バレンタインデーに会社(かいしゃ)でチョコレートを配(くば)りました。On Valentine's Day I handed out chocolates at work.
ゴールデンウィークGolden Week (holidays from late April into May)NounN4
ゴールデンウィークはどこも人(ひと)が多(おお)いです。Everywhere is crowded during Golden Week.
祝日(しゅくじつ)public holidayNounN4
月曜日(げつようび)は祝日(しゅくじつ)なので、銀行(ぎんこう)が休(やす)みです。Monday is a public holiday, so the banks are closed.
記念日(きねんび)anniversaryNounN3
今日(きょう)は両親(りょうしん)の結婚記念日(けっこんきねんび)です。Today is my parents' wedding anniversary.
行事(ぎょうじ)event (held regularly)NounN3
この学校(がっこう)には楽(たの)しい行事(ぎょうじ)がたくさんあります。This school has a lot of fun events through the year.
お参(まい)りvisit to a shrine or temple; visit to a graveNounN3
旅行(りょこう)の前(まえ)に、神社(じんじゃ)にお参(まい)りしました。Before the trip we went to pray at a shrine.

Also a verb: お参(まい)りする.

お守(まも)りgood-luck charmNounN4
母(はは)が試験(しけん)のお守(まも)りを買(か)ってくれました。My mother bought me a charm for my exams.
おみくじfortune slip (drawn at a shrine)NounN3
おみくじを引(ひ)いたら、「大吉(だいきち)」でした。I drew a fortune slip and got "excellent luck".
入学式(にゅうがくしき)school entrance ceremonyNounN4
入学式(にゅうがくしき)の日(ひ)は桜(さくら)がきれいでした。The cherry blossoms were beautiful on the day of the entrance ceremony.
卒業式(そつぎょうしき)graduation ceremonyNounN4
卒業式(そつぎょうしき)で友達(ともだち)と写真(しゃしん)を撮(と)りました。I took photos with my friends at the graduation ceremony.
運動会(うんどうかい)school sports dayNounN4
息子(むすこ)の運動会(うんどうかい)を見(み)に行(い)きました。I went to watch my son's sports day.
文化祭(ぶんかさい)school or university festivalNounN3
文化祭(ぶんかさい)でクラスのみんなと劇(げき)をしました。At the school festival our whole class put on a play.

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