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B2  ·  50 words

Law and the courts in Italian

Hearing, judgment, time limit, burden of proof — the words a court report cannot be read without.

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Most of the courtroom words on this page reached English from Latin by way of French, and one of them made the journey the other way round. Il verdetto is a borrowing from English, taken into Italian in the nineteenth century, and « verdict » is itself Anglo-Norman verdit, from vere dictum, the thing truly said. So a reader of English owns this word already, and that is exactly the trap. In an English court the verdict is the jury’s finding on guilt, the judge’s decision is the « judgment », and the « sentence » is the punishment. An Italian court works with la sentenza: it is the whole decision, and, unlike the English word it resembles, it is never the punishment, which is la pena. Il verdetto has no place in the file at all. It lives in the newspaper, where it covers any awaited outcome — il verdetto delle urne, il verdetto del campo — and that is where a reader of Italian will actually meet it.

The words

Noun (f) (29)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

l’assoluzionethe acquittalNoun (f)B2
L’assoluzione ha sorpreso l’aula.The acquittal took the courtroom by surprise.
la comparizionethe appearance in courtNoun (f)B2
La comparizione è fissata per il 12 marzo.The appearance in court is listed for 12 March.
l’udienzathe hearingNoun (f)B2
L’udienza è durata sei ore.The hearing lasted six hours.
la requisitoriathe closing speech for the prosecutionNoun (f)B2
La requisitoria è stata breve.The closing speech for the prosecution was brief.
l’arringathe closing speech for the defenceNoun (f)B2
L’arringa è durata un’ora.The closing speech for the defence lasted an hour.
la penathe sentenceNoun (f)B2
La pena è stata ridotta in appello.The sentence was reduced on appeal.
la condizionalethe suspension of the sentenceNoun (f)B2
Ha ottenuto la condizionale.He was granted a suspension of his sentence.
l’istruttoriathe pre-trial investigationNoun (f)B2
L’istruttoria è durata due anni.The pre-trial investigation lasted two years.
la deposizionethe statement on the recordNoun (f)B2
La sua deposizione ha cambiato l’esito.His statement on the record changed the outcome.
la giurisdizionethe jurisdictionNoun (f)B2
La giurisdizione competente è quella del domicilio.Jurisdiction lies where the party is domiciled.
la corte d’appellothe court of appealNoun (f)B2
La corte d’appello ha confermato la sentenza.The court of appeal upheld the judgment.
la cassazionethe quashing of the judgmentNoun (f)B2
La cassazione rinvia la causa a un altro giudice.Quashing the judgment sends the case back to a different judge.
la giurisprudenzathe case lawNoun (f)B2
La giurisprudenza è cambiata su questo punto.The case law has changed on this point.
la controversiathe legal disputeNoun (f)B2
La controversia riguarda una somma modesta.The legal dispute concerns a modest sum.
la mediazionethe mediationNoun (f)B2
La mediazione evita spesso il processo.Mediation often spares the parties a trial.
la prescrizionethe limitation periodNoun (f)B2
La prescrizione scatta dopo tre anni.The limitation period runs out after three years.
la diffidathe final warning letterNoun (f)B2
La diffida precede la causa.The final warning letter comes before the claim.
la parte civilethe civil claimant in the criminal trialNoun (f)B2
La parte civile chiede il risarcimento.The civil claimant is asking for compensation.
la presunzione di innocenzathe presumption of innocenceNoun (f)B2
La presunzione di innocenza vale fino alla sentenza.The presumption of innocence holds until judgment.
la confessionethe confessionNoun (f)B2
La confessione è stata ritrattata il giorno dopo.The confession was retracted the following day.
l’archiviazionethe closing of the case without chargeNoun (f)B2
L’archiviazione è stata disposta.The case was closed without charge.
la citazione in giudiziothe summonsNoun (f)B2
La citazione in giudizio è arrivata per posta.The summons arrived by post.
la misura cautelarethe interim measureNoun (f)B2
È stata adottata una misura cautelare.An interim measure was granted.
la convocazionethe notice to attendNoun (f)B2
La convocazione indica data e aula.The notice to attend gives the date and the courtroom.
la cancelleriathe court registryNoun (f)B2
Il fascicolo è consultabile in cancelleria.The file may be consulted at the court registry.
la nullitàthe invalidityNoun (f)B2
È stata accertata la nullità del contratto.The contract was found to be invalid.
la buona fedegood faithNoun (f)B2
La buona fede dell’acquirente non è contestata.The buyer’s good faith is not in dispute.
la coercizionecoercionNoun (f)B2
Un accordo firmato sotto coercizione è nullo.An agreement signed under coercion is void.
la pena sospesathe suspended sentenceNoun (f)B2
Ha ricevuto una pena sospesa.He received a suspended sentence.

Noun (m) (21)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il verdettothe verdictNoun (m)B2
Il verdetto arriverà lunedì.The verdict will come on Monday.
il proscioglimentothe discharge before trialNoun (m)B2
Il proscioglimento è stato deciso per mancanza di prove.The case was discharged for want of evidence.
il fermo di poliziapolice custodyNoun (m)B2
Il fermo di polizia non può superare le 48 ore.Police custody may not exceed forty-eight hours.
l’avviso di garanziathe notice of investigationNoun (m)B2
L’avviso di garanzia non è una condanna.A notice of investigation is not a conviction.
il tribunale penalethe criminal courtNoun (m)B2
Il tribunale penale siede il martedì.The criminal court sits on Tuesdays.
il ricorso per cassazionethe appeal on a point of lawNoun (m)B2
Il ricorso per cassazione è stato depositato nei termini.The appeal on a point of law was filed within the time limit.
l’arbitrato giudiziariothe arbitrationNoun (m)B2
L’arbitrato giudiziario è più rapido.Arbitration is quicker.
il termine di impugnazionethe time limit for an appealNoun (m)B2
Il termine di impugnazione è di un mese.The time limit for an appeal is one month.
il dannothe damageNoun (m)B2
Il danno è stato quantificato da un perito.The damage was quantified by an expert.
il risarcimentothe compensationNoun (m)B2
Il risarcimento è stato versato.The compensation has been paid.
l’ufficiale giudiziariothe bailiffNoun (m)B2
L’ufficiale giudiziario è passato stamattina.The bailiff called this morning.
il notaiothe notaryNoun (m)B2
Il notaio conserva l’originale dell’atto.The notary keeps the original of the deed.
il pubblico ministerothe public prosecutorNoun (m)B2
Il pubblico ministero ha chiesto una pena severa.The public prosecutor asked for a heavy sentence.
il giudice per le indaginithe investigating judgeNoun (m)B2
Il giudice per le indagini ha disposto una perizia.The investigating judge ordered an expert report.
l’imputatothe defendantNoun (m)B2
L’imputato non ha detto nulla.The defendant said nothing.
l’onere della provathe burden of proofNoun (m)B2
L’onere della prova grava sull’attore.The burden of proof lies with the claimant.
il casellario giudizialethe criminal record certificateNoun (m)B2
Il casellario giudiziale è pulito.The criminal record certificate is clean.
il ricorso al giudicethe application to the courtNoun (m)B2
Il ricorso al giudice è gratuito.An application to the court costs nothing.
l’atto di citazionethe statement of claimNoun (m)B2
L’atto di citazione è stato consegnato a mano.The statement of claim was handed over in person.
il foro competentethe court with jurisdictionNoun (m)B2
Il foro competente è quello di Milano.The court with jurisdiction is the one in Milan.
il patrociniolegal representationNoun (m)B2
Il patrocinio è a spese dello Stato.Legal representation is paid for by the State.

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