C2 · 27 words
Forestry: planning across generations in German
The terms of a trade that plants for its grandchildren and plans in rotations longer than a working life.
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From these 27 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.
More about this list
Der Stockausschlag looks as if it had something to do with stock, and an English reader who knows the forest will hear « growing stock » in it first. That is not what it says. In German forestry der Stock is the stump left in the ground after felling, and der Stockausschlag is the ring of shoots that a hornbeam, an oak or a lime sends up from it — the whole basis of der Niederwald, woodland cut back to the stump every couple of decades. Growing stock, the timber standing in a stand, is der Holzvorrat. The two words are nevertheless relatives: English « stock » also began as a tree trunk or a stump, which is why a person can still stand « stock-still ». German kept the stump, and English moved on to the store.
The words
Verb (2)
aufastento prune (standing trees, for knot-free timber)VerbC2
Separable: er astet auf, hat aufgeastet.
plenternto work by single-tree selectionVerbC2
Regular. The forest it produces is der Plenterwald.
Noun (24)
Grammar for these: The three genders · The plural
die Forsteinrichtungforest management planningNounC2
Plural: die Forsteinrichtungen. Both the ten-yearly survey and the plan it produces.
der Holzvorratgrowing stock (standing timber volume)NounC1
Plural: die Holzvorräte. Given in solid cubic metres per hectare.
der Dauerwaldcontinuous-cover forestNounC2
Plural: die Dauerwälder.
der Waldumbauconversion to mixed, climate-resilient forestNounC1
No plural.
die Verjüngungregeneration (the young growth of a stand)NounC2
Plural: die Verjüngungen. Outside the forest also rejuvenation, and in building the taper of a column.
der Schirmschlagshelterwood cuttingNounC2
Plural: die Schirmschläge.
der Femelhiebgroup felling (opening small gaps)NounC2
Plural: die Femelhiebe.
der Voranbauunderplanting (ahead of felling the old stand)NounC2
Usually singular.
das Mastjahrmast year (a heavy seed crop)NounC2
Plural: die Mastjahre. Beech and oak fruit heavily only every few years.
das Pflanzgutplanting stock (from the nursery)NounC2
No plural.
der Wildlingwildling (self-sown seedling lifted for planting)NounC2
Plural: die Wildlinge. Literary: an unruly, untamed person.
die Dickungthicket stage (dense young stand)NounC2
Plural: die Dickungen. After the young growth, before the pole stage.
das Stangenholzpole stage (pole-sized stand)NounC2
Plural: die Stangenhölzer.
der Zukunftsbaumcrop tree (singled out for the final harvest)NounC2
Plural: die Zukunftsbäume. Short form: der Z-Baum.
der Kronenschlusscanopy closureNounC2
No plural.
der Überhälterstandard (tree kept through the next rotation)NounC2
Plural: die Überhälter.
der Stockausschlagcoppice regrowth (shoots from the stump)NounC2
Plural: die Stockausschläge. Der Stock here is the stump, not the stock.
der Niederwaldcoppice (woodland cut back to the stump)NounC1
Plural: die Niederwälder.
der Mittelwaldcoppice with standardsNounC2
Plural: die Mittelwälder.
das Totholzdeadwood (left standing or lying as habitat)NounC1
No plural.
die Kalamitätcalamity (mass damage by storm, drought or pests)NounC2
Plural: die Kalamitäten. Outside forestry a formal word for an awkward predicament.
der Sterstere (a stacked cubic metre of firewood)NounC2
Plural: die Stere or die Ster; after a number unchanged: sechs Ster. Regional, common in the south and in Switzerland; elsewhere der Raummeter.
der Holzwegwrong track (in auf dem Holzweg sein)NounC1
Plural: die Holzwege. Almost only in auf dem Holzweg sein.
die Verkehrssicherungspflichtduty of care for public safety (on roads and paths)NounC2
Plural rare: die Verkehrssicherungspflichten. The owner is liable if a tree falls onto a road or path.
Adjective (1)
Grammar for these: Adjectives after sein · Comparative and superlative
standortgerechtsuited to the site (of tree species)AdjectiveC2
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This list belongs to Nature, animals and weather — 45 lists and 1 684 words that can also be practised as a whole.